This map was produced in the context of updating the Atlas of innovation and entrepreneurship support centres in Grand Paris Metropolis carried out in 2021. The data were enriched by using information from a survey listing existing centres and those planned, as well as referring to interviews with the technical departments of local authorities and managers of support centres.
Over 1,000 innovation and entrepreneurship support facilities were listed in 2021 in Grand Paris Metropolis. In 2016, when the previous atlas was made, there were 250. Three main types of centres have been defined: incubators, nurseries and accelerators, flexible work spaces, hybrid and third places with an entrepreneurial dimension.
The significant increase in the number of facilities is evidence of a great vitality, despite an uneven distribution within territories. This is accompanied by a diversification of support models and a hybridisation of programmes. In a changing context, these transformations question public policies, developed by local authorities, to support entrepreneurs through business real estate which is managed by themselves or in existing or possible collaboration.
