In Ile-de-France, office jobs are concentrated in 35 clusters, located mainly in the Greater Paris - Grand Paris Metropolis - in areas like the central business area Quartier Central des Affaires and La Defense.
Within these office clusters, retail businesses and services are run by 230,000 wage earners who work to meet the needs of people working as well as those of residents. This source of employment was affected to varying degrees during the crisis periods linked to the Covid-19 epidemic. Due mainly to their specialisation in catering and the reduced presence of people working at their workplace as a result of distance working, the office clusters “with a great percentage of jobs” and the “mainly Parisian” centres were the most penalised. Conversely, in densely residential areas, residents were able to help sustain commercial activity.
